Glycerin 3 Phosphat Shuttle

Glycerin 3 Phosphat Shuttle. Glycerol 3 Phosphate Shuttle In G3PS, NAD + is regenerated by cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) by converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) Another Ca 2+-sensitive booster of mitochondrial ATP synthesis is the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle (G3PS), whose role in neuronal energy supply has remained elusive

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This shuttle is essential for transferring reducing equivalents across the mitochondrial membrane, as NADH itself cannot cross it directly When cytosolic NADH transported by the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is oxidized by the respiratory chain, 1.5 rather than 2.5 ATP are formed

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Essential components of G3PS are expressed in hippocampal neurons The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a biochemical pathway that facilitates the transport of electrons from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria, allowing for ATP production during cellular respiration by flavoprotein dehydrogenase (a different glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase); this second enzyme is an FAD-dependent enzyme located in the mitochondrial inner membrane

Glycerol 3 Phosphate Shuttle. The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle and the malate-aspartate shuttle are both electron transfer systems, yet they cater to different cellular needs and conditions Mutations in the GPD1 gene are associated with transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis, presumably caused by defects in the shuttling of reducing equivalents via the PWY-6118 [ PMID: 22226083 ].

Triglycerides Synthesis. The shuttle also operates in yeast, animals and plants [PMID: 16415206][9171333][9559543] An isozyme of Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase—present on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane— reduces FAD to FADH 2